Stratigraphy of core S1, main palynological features and microcharcoal content.

Relative abundances of the pollen groups that are explained in the text (Sect. 3.3) are reported along with the frequencies of hygrophilous herbs and aquatics. Asterisks point to samples containing coprophilous fungi and other spores like Sporormiella, Dicrocoelium and Ascaris. These data are compared with the most relevant paleoclimate reconstructions available from the literature for the area of interest. (a) Reconstructed mean July air temperature from Lake Verdarolo (from Samartin et al., 2017); (b) δ 18O speleothem records and reconstructed precipitation trends (mean anomaly time series) from Corchia cave (slightly modified from Combourieu et al., 2013; Zanchetta et al., 2011; Zhornyak et al., 2011); and (c) June (red) to December (blue) insolation values reported for 45◦ N (from Samartin et al., 2017). Main Holocene climate phases and events are also shown (Regattieri et al., 2014). Available radiocarbon ages are reported as calibrated years BP.